Urinalysis interpretation university of wisconsinmadison. Body fluids can include saliva, mucous, semen, vagina fluid, breast milk, or urine. A urinalysis is a simple test that looks at a small sample of your urine. Standard lab values secondly, the use of standardized lab values will be discussed. Other lab values noted in the student manual top 30 lab values for new nurses to know as stated and ranked in the knowledge of newly licensed registered nurses survey. Understanding preventive care remember the old saying that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Objectives describe which patients may benefit from a urinalysis define the components of a macroscopic, dipstick, and microscopic urinalysis interpret the results of a macroscopic, dipstick, and microscopic urinalysis identify the limitations of a urinalysis. This guide provides a structured approach to documenting urinalysis results in a patients. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the. Urinalysis has become more sophisticated since those times, but the urinalysis remains one of the first tests done for diagnosis of disease, especially diseases that may remain essentially silent until they are advanced. The usefulness and limitations of urine dipstick testing. This only concerns the order urinalysis with microscopic with culture if indicated lab2480.
Interpretation of renal function tests and the renal. Such crystals are diagnostically useful when observed in warm, fresh urine by a physician evaluating microhematuria, nephrolithiasis, or toxin ingestion. Fasting blood sugar 110 mgdl glycosylated hemoglobin hba1c 5,47,2 % urea ure 1050 mgdl creatinine cre. Midstream clean collection is acceptable in most situations, but the specimen should be examined within. Urinalysis using a dipstick reagent strip is an effective screening tool to assess the health status of an individual and detect some diseases and infections. Wbc 20 30 h none seen hpf epithelial cells 1 5 squamous squamous hpf. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The following are a list of the more common laboratory tests used in the veterinary clinic. There were too numerous to count wbcs, 05 epithelial cells, a few squamous epithelial cells and moderate bacteria. Pdf the urinalysis is an essential part of the diagnostic workup for kidney disease and other renal system disorders.
Scroll down to read the article or download a printfriendly pdf here. Urine should be sterile no normal flora few, if any, cells should be found significant bacteriuria is defined by an initial positive dipstick for leukocyte esterase or. Blood indicates number of red blood cells in urine in haematuria. Instruments and test strips for visual and automated reading.
Once we become familiar with the things being checked, its easier to understand how the different components will appear in a report and how they should be typed correctly. It can also help find serious diseases in the early stages, like chronic kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disease. Add the date and time in 24hr format of your entry. Aug 11, 2012 in order to understand punctuation and grammar in transcribing the lab procedure of a urinalysis, we have to know the components that make up this test. It is one of the most helpful indicators of health and disease, especially, it. Collect all urine is container provided by physician or laboratory usually 4 l container with small amount of preservative. Urine is produced by the kidneys, two fistsized organs located on either side of the spine at the bottom of the. Today urinalysis continues to be a powerful tool in obtaining crucial information for diagnostic purposes in medicine. Urine is normally acidic but its normal ph ranges from 4. It may be used to screen for andor help diagnose conditions such as a urinary tract infections, kidney disorders, liver problems, diabetes or other metabolic conditions, to name a few. The results of a quantitative test are usually reported in. Using cdisc lab terminology and determining standard units. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of. Foods such as acidic fruits cranberries can lower the ph, as can high a high protein diet.
There are no normal values for the urinary excretion of water and electrolytes data should be interpreted by consideration of the prevailing stimulus and the expected renal response kamel et al. Perhaps, one of the earliest known record of urine test was the technique of pouring. Interpretation of renal function tests and the renal effects. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of fresh urine. Urinalysis sample report different laboratories generate reports that can vary greatly in appearance and in the order and kind of information included. Store the container in a refrigerator the entire 24 hours. Names and places used have been made up for illustrative purposes only. Urine is an unstable fluid, and changes to its composition begin to take place as soon as it is voided. The urine sample should be correctly obtained, agespecific aspects should be considered, and agedependent reference values should be used. Urine reference values vary based on several factors, including the specific laboratory that supplies them. The urinalysis is almost always a random specimen, being refrigerated until delivered to the lab. Most common quantitative tests performed in urinalysis laboratory are those for sugar and for protein.
Urinalysis reference ranges and critical values test gender age reference range critical value color mf all yellow none turbidity mf all clear none specific gravity mf all urinalysis lab background notes. This can be especially true when it comes to preventive care services. Blood chemistry, complete blood count cbc urinalysis. Dec 15, 2015 predictability of urinalysis parameters in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. These tests allow the veterinarian to assess your cats overall health and screen for diseases of the liver and kidney, diabetes, infection, cancer, thyroid function and other hormonal imbalances. Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine. Microscopic urinalysis used to confirm and further define a positive dipstick urinalysis will provide quantity of bacteria allows for eventual speciation and sensitivity testing to be completed, in order to guide therapy often used in patients with. Medline 4 acon laboratories, inc 1 advanced instruments, inc.
Urinate into small clean container and pour urine into the larger container. Recurrent infection prior infection unresolved with antibiotics. Sep 12, 2014 urinalysis is the most commonly performed biochemical test in infancy and early childhood. Urinalysis reference ranges and critical values test gender age reference range critical value color mf all yellow none turbidity mf all clear none specific gravity mf all urinalysis. Changes to order urinalysis with reflex to urine culture. A patients urine test values should be interpreted based on the reference value of the laboratory in which the test was done. Lets examine a couple of sentences for transcription of urinalysis results. Basic laboratory tests basic urine tests urinalysis test alternative names occurunits usual normal range examples of conditions in which abnormal values ph, urine ph ph units 4. Hematology absolute neutrophil count male 17805380l 1. The urinalysis is a set of screening tests that can detect some common diseases. Cheesbrough, monica 1987medical laboratory manual for tropical. Laboratory tests reference ranges 1,25dihydroxyvitamin d 1,25dihydroxycholecalciferol, serum see vitamin d metabolites 17hydroxyprogesterone, serum. The article comes with a selfassessment enabling you to test your.
This can sometimes be difficult as lab values may come in many different names and. Pathologic conditions that increase the usg without regard to hydration. Khejonnit v, pratumvinit b, reesukumal k, meepanya s, pattanavin c, wongkrajang p. The act of physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine is known as urinalysis. It is one of the most helpful indicators of health and disease, especially, it is useful as a screening test for the detection. It seems to be a straightforward test, and most physicians think they are well versed in the interpretation of the results.
It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine. Laboratory values see inside back cover for continuation. Values outside the reference range should be interpreted in context with the patients clinical condition. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee. Basic laboratory tests basic urine tests urinalysis test alternative names occurunits usual normal range examples of conditions in which abnormal values. Crystalluria is frequently observed in urine specimens stored at room temperature or refrigerated. Urinalysis using a reagent test strip is a quick and. Laboratory services users guide north memorial medical. Urinalysis physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine involves many tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine also used to detect the presence of an infection in the urinary tract.
Nurses are often tasked of patient preparation and specimen collection during these diagnostic procedures. It is important that professionals understand methods for collecting urine, limit the risk of contamination by using reagent strips correctly and accurately interpret results. Urine and other body fluids can contain information useful to a crime investigator to provide inferences, clues or evidence to link a suspect to a crime scene. Common laboratory values cheat sheet diagnostic tests are crucial in any aspect of clinical practice since they assist clinicians in establishing and determining the particular condition of the patient. The tests detect andor measure several substances in the urine, such as byproducts of normal and abnormal metabolism, cells, cellular fragments, and bacteria.
The results of the routine urinalysis can be used to help diagnose everything from dehydration to the rare metabolic disorders. Learn urinalysis lab values with free interactive flashcards. Urinalysis was the first laboratory test performed in medicine and has been used for several thousand years. Urinalysis is a major part of measuring the kidney profile, diagnosing patients with renal disorders, diabetes, urinary tract infection and in forensics, though only. Laboratory services users guide north memorial health laboratory services philosophy our laboratory values mutual respect, teamwork, positive attitudes, accountability, and open effective communication encouraging compassionate, remarkable care. Changes to order urinalysis with reflex to urine culture starting on october 4, 2016, providence regional laboratory services will slightly change the criteria that are used to reflex urines to a urine culture if indicated.
How to document urinalysis results in the notes geeky medics. The specimens themselves can be either random spot specimens or timed. This is one example of what a lab report for a urinalysis may look like. The urine will be looked at for color and clearness. Treat urine specimens as though potentially infectious. Specific gravity refractometer distilled water paper towel or tissue urine real or substitute.
Predictability of urinalysis parameters in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. The dipstick analysis, the microscopic exam, and other information gleaned from a ua make their way into decisionmaking for a variety of. A general overview of how all the tests and procedures included. Glucose color reagent and the glucose standard are irritants.
The urinalysis is a simple and noninvasive test that provides valuable information. Urinalysis and kidney disease national kidney foundation. Maintaining or improving your health with regular preventive care, along with following the advice of your doctor, can help you stay healthy. Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. Choose from 154 different sets of urinalysis lab values flashcards on quizlet. A urinalysis is a group of physical, chemical, and microscopic tests. A complete urinalysis includes physical, chemical, and microscopic examinations.
218 489 628 951 555 1095 1497 1121 232 609 84 1541 94 509 669 424 1558 1081 256 21 559 861 1287 325 1208 717 503 567 74 1568 1483 284 508 1002 136 1254 1384 5 667 381